Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41557814›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human-machine interactions.

Yizhang Wu, Sicheng Xing, Dingyi Yang, Yihan Liu, Chi Ding, Zifeng Li, Qizhang Jiao, Anran Zhang, Ziheng Guo, Siyuan Liu and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yizhang Wu *Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.ORCID 0000-0001-6244-8458
Sicheng Xing *Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Dingyi Yang *Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
Yihan LiuDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.ORCID 0000-0003-3671-9191
Chi DingDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2278-7652
Zifeng LiDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.ORCID 0009-0008-0452-5222
Qizhang JiaoWide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China.
Anran ZhangDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.ORCID 0009-0008-8442-2695
Ziheng GuoDepartment of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.
Siyuan LiuDepartment of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-4696-6081
Wei LuoDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Gongkai YuanDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Meixiang WangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.ORCID 0000-0001-8441-2288
Yong WangDepartment of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5085-5312
Michael D DickeyDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.ORCID 0000-0003-1251-1871
Wubin BaiDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.ORCID 0000-0003-2872-5559

Funding

HHS | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) 1R01EB034332-01NSF (NSF) ECCS-2139659NSF (NSF) ECCS-2443105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magnetoimpedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magnetoimpedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence- and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.

Indexed as

ElectronicsMan-Machine SystemsElectric ImpedanceHumansMagnetic FieldsMagneticsflexible electronicsgiant magnetoimpedancehuman–machine interactionsionogelmagnetoelectronics

Identifiers

PMID41557814
PMCPMC12846848

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.