ArticleJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2026
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Levetiracetam in Healthy Dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Multispecies Systematic and Critical Review of Intranasal Administration in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Emergency Care: Promising Evidence and Overlooked Challenges.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cluster seizures and status epilepticus in dogs are emergencies requiring rapid intervention. Intranasal (IN) benzodiazepines are effective for early seizure cessation, but the pharmacokinetics of longer-acting antiseizure medications administered IN have not been investigated in dogs. This study aimed to describe the single-dose pharmacokinetics of a compounded IN levetiracetam product (IN-LEV) in healthy dogs. We hypothesized that the administration of IN-LEV to healthy dogs will demonstrate similar pharmacokinetic parameters to IV administration. In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy dogs received a single 30 mg/kg IV dose (100 mg/mL) or a single 30 mg/kg IN dose (460 mg/mL) of levetiracetam. Serum levetiracetam concentrations were serially measured over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non-compartmental methods and comparisons between routes of administration were made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. C
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.