Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41557484›Full record

ArticleNeurogastroenterology and motility2026

Comparison of Achalasia Classification Schemes to Predict Treatment Outcomes.

Dustin A Carlson, Eric Goudie, Jacob M Schauer, Domenico A Farina, Leya Chambo, Linda Kelahan, John E Pandolfino

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dustin A CarlsonDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center of Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Eric GoudieDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center of Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Jacob M SchauerDivision of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Domenico A FarinaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center of Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Leya ChamboDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center of Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5352-587X
Linda KelahanDepartment of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
John E PandolfinoDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center of Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Funding

Evolution of the Chicago Classification: Bridging Physiology and MechanicsR01DK137775 · NIDDK · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Dustin Allan Carlson, JOHN E PANDOLFINO · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK137775
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsAchalasia classifications, such as the Chicago Classification subtypes based on high-resolution manometry (HRM) and Japanese Esophageal Society (JES), Italian, or Brazilian classifications based on esophagram, have been described. We aimed to compare these schemes for prediction of achalasia treatment outcomes.

methods222 adult patients with achalasia that completed pretreatment HRM and esophagram before and after treatment were included. Pretreatment HRM achalasia subtypes were determined by the Chicago Classification and JES; Italian and Brazilian classifications were defined by pretreatment esophagram. Post-treatment outcomes were defined using the Eckardt symptom score (good outcome < 4) or timed barium esophagram (TBE; good outcome 5-min column height < 5 cm).

resultsThe Chicago Classification was a significant predictor of symptomatic outcome (p = 0.003-0.007), whereas JES, Italian, and Brazilian schemes were not. All four classifications were significant predictors of radiographic outcome, with JES demonstrating the best model fit as identified by lowest Akaike information criteria (AIC). Type III achalasia (Chicago Classification) patients had the lowest rates of good symptomatic outcomes despite treatment primarily with POEM, whereas advanced esophagram stages (JES-C, Italian IV, Brazilian 2-3) were associated with poorer radiographic outcomes.

conclusionsBoth HRM- and esophagram-based classification schemes predict achalasia treatment outcomes, though with different strengths. While treatment choice may impact outcomes, HRM best predicted symptomatic outcomes, while esophagram classifications better predicted objective radiographic outcomes. Utilizing both modalities may enhance prognostication of outcomes in achalasia.

Indexed as

Esophageal AchalasiaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleManometryMiddle AgedTreatment Outcomedysphagiamanometrymyotomyoutcomes

Identifiers

PMID41557484
PMCPMC12818386

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