ArticleAbdominal radiology (New York)2026
Ankylosing spondylitis: an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis and the prognostic value of follow-up CT.
Article in Abdominal radiology (New York), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study investigates nephrolithiasis frequency in Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients compared to general population. Additionally, longitudinally assessing changes in renal CT abnormalities, it seeks to provide radiological evidence for early diagnosis of nephrolithiasis in AS patients.
methodsIn this retrospective study, 115 patients fulfilling the Modified New York Criteria for AS and 115 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Renal ultrasound and/or CT imaging were carried out to evaluate presence of nephrolithiasis. Participants were categorized into three groups based upon imaging outcomes: Nephrolithiasis Group, Renal Medullary Hyperattenuation (RMH) Group, and Renal-Negative Group. AS patients were further stratified by disease duration (≤ 5 years, 5-10 years, > 10 years) and age (≤ 30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-80 years). Longitudinal follow-up of renal CT abnormalities was conducted in 15 AS patients, with changes classified as positive (progression) or negative (regression).
resultsAmong AS patients, 40% (46/115) were diagnosed with nephrolithiasis, and 19.13% (22/115) exhibited RMH. In contrast, only 12.17% (14/115) of controls had nephrolithiasis, and 9.57% (11/115) showed RMH. AS patients had a significantly higher nephrolithiasis frequency (P < 0.001) and RMH (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Patients with disease duration > 10 years had a 3.01-fold higher risk of nephrolithiasis than those with a duration ≤ 5 years (P < 0.05). Male AS patients had a 3.17-fold higher risk of nephrolithiasis than females (P > 0.05). Although odds ratio (OR) for nephrolithiasis increased progressively with age in groups ≤ 60 years, no statistically significant disparities were observed among age groups. Notably, the OR for the 60 < age ≤ 80 group exceeded that of 30 < age ≤ 40 group but was lower than those of the 40 < age ≤ 50 and 50 < age ≤ 60 groups. Longitudinal follow-up revealed positive changes in renal CT abnormalities in 13 of 15 AS patients.
conclusionsThe frequency of nephrolithiasis and RMH is significantly higher in AS patients compared to general population, particularly in those with a longer disease duration. RMH might act as an early radiological indicator of nephrolithiasis in AS patients, highlighting importance of regular renal imaging for early detection and management.
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