Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41557104›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Beyond the Surface: Exploring How Racism, Disconnectedness and Exclusion Shape Faculty Engagement in Continued Professional Development (CPD).

Udoka Okpalauwaekwe, Carla Holinaty, Tom Smith-Windsor, James W Barton, Cathy MacLean

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Udoka OkpalauwaekweDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7M 3Y5, Canada. udokaokpala.uo@usask.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1163
Carla HolinatyDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7M 3Y5, Canada.
Tom Smith-WindsorDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Victoria Hospital, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 5T4, Canada.
James W BartonDepartment of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
Cathy MacLeanDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7M 3Y5, Canada.

Funding

Saskatchewan College of Family Physicians (SCFP) Saskatchewan College of Family Physicians (SCFP)Saskatchewan Medical Association's Committee on Rural and Regional Practice (CORRP) Saskatchewan Medical Association's Committee on Rural and Regional Practice (CORRP)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionContinuing Professional Development (CPD) (which includes Continuing Medical Education (CME) and Faculty Development (FD)) is essential for maintaining physician competency. However, participation in university-organized CPD at the University of Saskatchewan remains low, particularly among racialized physicians. Prior research identified racism, exclusion, and disconnectedness as barriers. This study revisits those findings through the lens of Belongingness and Social Identity Theories to examine how exclusion and identity-based harms shape CPD engagement.

methodsWe conducted a theory-informed sub-analysis of interview and focus group transcripts (n = 34) with physician faculty across rural and urban Saskatchewan. Participants represented various specialties and backgrounds. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to explore how unmet needs for belonging and identity affirmation influenced CPD participation.

resultsThree key themes emerged: (1) CPD as a site of racialized othering and professional scrutiny; (2) tokenistic inclusion without recognition or meaningful support; and (3) withdrawal as a form of self-protection. Racialized physicians and International Medical Graduates (IMGs) often disengaged not from disinterest but due to psychological fatigue, identity invalidation, and exclusion.

conclusionCPD participation is shaped by more than topic relevance or logistics, it is profoundly affected by emotional safety, institutional culture, and inclusion. Programs that fail to reflect diverse identities or foster inclusive environments risk reinforcing alienation. CPD must be reimagined as a relational, psychologically safe space. To foster equitable engagement, inclusion and representation must be embedded as foundational design principles, not treated as optional enhancements.

Indexed as

Belonging and social identityContinuing medical education (CME)Continuing professional development (CPD)DisconnectednessDiscriminationFaculty developmentRacism

Identifiers

PMID41557104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.