Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41556917›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2026

Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Policy Statement.

Tiffany Munzer, Joanna Parga-Belinkie, Libby Matile Milkovich, Suzy Tomopoulos, Taiwo Ajumobi, Corinn Cross, Roslyn Gerwin, Sheri Madigan, R Psych, Council on Communications and Media

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Views of preschool-age children's screen time among mothers with low incomes.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. YouTube Viewing and Content Quality in Toddlers.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tiffany MunzerDepartment of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Joanna Parga-BelinkieDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Libby Matile MilkovichDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
Suzy TomopoulosDepartment of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital, New York, New York.
Taiwo AjumobiDepartment of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey.
Corinn CrossLos Angeles, California.
Roslyn GerwinDepartment of Psychiatry, Maine Health Maine Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Portland, Maine.
Sheri Madigan
R PsychDepartment of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Council on Communications and Media

Funding

Longitudinal associations of maternal mobile device use and maternal-infant wellbeingK23HD105988 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Tiffany Grace-Chung Munzer · 2022 to 2026
$837k
NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD105988
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital media, including television, the internet, social media, video games, and interactive assistants, form the digital ecosystem. When this digital ecosystem is designed with children's unique developmental needs in mind, it can support learning and well-being. In contrast, digital ecosystems that prioritize engagement and commercialization often encourage prolonged use, which in turn can displace healthy behaviors (eg, movement behaviors, sleep), and contribute to negative outcomes. This policy statement follows the conceptual framework of the socioecological model, depicting nested circles of care including: children's own characteristics, their caregivers, the digital ecosystem, as well as broader societal systems. Given the interconnected nature of these influences and systems, "media and children" cannot be viewed solely through the lens of individual child behaviors or screen limits alone. Recommendations are provided for families, pediatric providers, practitioners (eg, psychologists, social workers, counselors, educators, researchers), industry, and policy makers, aiming to provide strengths-based solutions and promote a more child-centered digital ecosystem.

Indexed as

Child BehaviorDigital MediaAdolescentChildHumansInternetVideo Games

Identifiers

PMID41556917
PMCPMC13122503

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.