Dual Modification of Guar Meal via Fermentation and Enzyme Treatment Enhances Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Gut Morphology in Broilers.

This study investigated the effects of enzyme-treated and fermented guar meal (GM) at varying inclusion levels (3%, 6% and 9%) on broiler performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility and ileal histomorphology during the finisher phase. Birds fed fermented or enzyme-treated GM at 3% and 6% levels showed significantly higher feed intake, body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios (p < 0.01) compared to those receiving 9% inclusion or untreated GM. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, fibre, energy and minerals (Ca and P) was markedly enhanced in birds fed treated GM, particularly at 3% inclusion. Carcass yield and eviscerated weight were superior in fermented and enzyme-treated groups at 3% inclusion, while abdominal fat was reduced. Histological evaluation revealed improved villus height, surface area and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in treated groups, with fermented GM at 3% showing the most favourable gut morphology. In contrast, 9% untreated GM impaired nutrient utilization and gut structure. Overall, dual modification of GM via fermentation or enzyme treatment, particularly at lower inclusion levels (3% and 6%), enhances broiler performance and intestinal health, making it a viable strategy for alternative protein supplementation in broiler diets.