Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41556627›Full record

ArticleClinical and translational science2026

Efavirenz and CYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms Reduce CYP2C9 Activity in Healthy Participants.

Jason D Kim, Ingrid F Metzger, Jessica Bo Li Lu, Todd C Skaar, Zeruesenay Desta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and translational science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jason D KimDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-0659-3125
Ingrid F MetzgerDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0096-3953
Jessica Bo Li LuDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Todd C SkaarDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3849-374X
Zeruesenay DestaDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-1513-1295

Funding

Indiana University Comprehensive Training in Clinical PharmacologyT32GM008425 · NIGMS · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI Zeruesenay Desta, Michael Thomas Eadon · 1992 to 2026
$7.7M
CYP2B6 Genetic Variations and Drug InteractionsR01GM078501 · NIGMS · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI DESTA, ZERUESENAY · 2007 to 2015
$3.2M
Genomic and drug-drug interaction mechanisms of interindividual variability in drug dispositionR35GM145383 · NIGMS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Zeruesenay Desta · 2022 to 2026
$2.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM078501NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM145383NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008425
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efavirenz's effects on cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) activity have not been formally characterized in vivo. We conducted the first clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) study to test the effect of chronic efavirenz dosing on CYP2C9 activity, using tolbutamide as a selective probe. Healthy participants received a single oral dose of tolbutamide (250 mg) with a single 600 mg dose of efavirenz (SD) before and after 600 mg daily efavirenz for 17 days (MD). Tolbutamide, efavirenz, and their metabolites were quantified in plasma and urine samples by LC-MS/MS method. Participants were genotyped for CYP2C9*2 and *3 and for CYP2B6*4, *9, and *18. Pharmacokinetic data were valid for 71 and 59 participants for SD- and MD groups, respectively. MD efavirenz caused more than 50% increase in median tolbutamide AUC

Indexed as

AlkynesBenzoxazinesCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 InhibitorsAdultArea Under CurveCyclopropanesDrug InteractionsFemaleGenotypeHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, GeneticTolbutamideAlkynesBenzoxazinesCyclopropanesCYP2C9 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 InhibitorsefavirenzTolbutamideantiretroviral agentsCYP2C9 activitycytochrome P450drug–drug interactiongenotype‐DDI effectsin vivo inhibition

Identifiers

PMID41556627
PMCPMC12817472

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.