Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41555835›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of mental health nursing2026

From Disciplinary Societies to Societies of Control: Foucault, Deleuze and the Care of People Under the Mental Health Review Board in Psychiatric Settings.

Etienne Paradis-Gagné, Marie-Ève Roy-Ducharme, Manouel Argod, Emmanuelle Bernheim, Dave Holmes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of mental health nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Etienne Paradis-GagnéFaculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-4346
Marie-Ève Roy-DucharmeFaculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Manouel ArgodFaculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Emmanuelle BernheimCanada Research Chair on Mental Health and Access to Justice, Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-264X
Dave HolmesSchool of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-0546

Funding

CIHR 178312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The number of individuals declared not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder is increasing in Canada. The supervision of these individuals-balancing the imperatives of public safety with philosophies of care-can create significant ethical dilemmas for psychiatric nurses. This article examines the intersection of mental health and the justice system, drawing on the accounts of nurses and service users admitted to psychiatric units. Using grounded theory, the study seeks to deepen understanding of the impact of judiciarization, particularly its influence on therapeutic relationships and the perceived quality of care. Special attention is given to the role of the Mental Health Review Board (MHRB) in monitoring individuals found NCRMD. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Deleuze's notion of societies of control, the analysis of interview data reveals three central categories: (1) the process of involuntary (re)admission; (2) the complexities of the care partnership; and (3) ethical tensions and prejudice. The experiences of users are explored through the lenses of coercive practices, disciplinary structures, and varied forms of social control in the context of MHRB supervision. Psychiatric nurses' narratives point to challenges related to power imbalances, conflicts of professional allegiance, and ambivalence in care perspectives-highlighting the need for ongoing ethical reflection and systemic change in the management of NCR patients.

Indexed as

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric DisordersMental DisordersPsychiatric NursingCanadaHumanscare partnershipgrounded theoryjudiciarizationmental health nursingnot criminally responsiblesocieties of control

Identifiers

PMID41555835
PMCPMC12817105

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.