ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2026
Altered tear fluid protein expression in persons with mild cognitive impairment.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Early Gut Microbiome Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment Reflect Changes in Alzheimer Disease.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundTear fluid (TF) is a protein-rich fluid reported to reflect pathophysiological changes in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. TF proteins are increasingly being considered as putative biomarker candidates to help in the diagnosis of disease. However, little information is available on TF protein changes in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine alterations in the expression of proteins in TF collected from persons with MCI compared with cognitively healthy controls.MethodsWe analyzed data from 54 study participants, including 34 controls (mean age, 71 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ± standard deviation, 28.9 ± 1.4) and 20 persons with MCI (mean age, 71 years; mean MMSE score, 27.1 ± 1.9). All participants underwent cognitive, neurological, and ophthalmological examinations. TF was collected using Schirmer strips and evaluated using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and label-free quantification.ResultsThe expression of 33 TF proteins involved in oxidative stress, clearance mechanism, cytoskeleton stability, and inflammation were altered in persons with MCI compared with controls (
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