Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41555470›Full record

ArticleBirth defects research2026

The Impact of Chlamydia Treatment During Pregnancy on Birth Defects in New York State.

Elizabeth M Boos, Meredith Howley, Tomoko Udo, Alexa Freedman, Wilson Miranda, Charles Gonzalez, Rachel Hart-Malloy

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Birth defects research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Elizabeth M BoosCollege of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3908-4136
Meredith HowleyCollege of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8420-5040
Tomoko UdoCollege of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
Alexa FreedmanDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Wilson MirandaNew York State Department of Health, AIDS Institute, Albany, New York, USA.
Charles GonzalezNew York State Department of Health, AIDS Institute, Albany, New York, USA.
Rachel Hart-MalloyCollege of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.

Funding

CDC HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnoses are highest among females of reproductive age. Yet, little is known about adverse infant outcomes associated with treatment for CT infections during pregnancy, including birth defects.

methodsUsing de-identified matched data from the New York State (NYS) Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance Registry and live births reported to the NYS Birth Defects Registry from 2010 to 2020, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among pregnancies with one first-trimester CT diagnosis to assess the impact of adequate CT treatment on the risk of selected birth defects.

resultsPregnancies with evidence of adequate CT treatment during the first trimester were more likely (adjusted risk ratio [ARR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-5.2) to have an infant with at least one selected birth defect. This association was attenuated in sensitivity analyses including pregnancies with evidence of adequate treatment any time during pregnancy (ARR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7-2.1) and evidence of adequate treatment through the second trimester (ARR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-4.9).

conclusionResults did not support the hypothesis that adequate first-trimester CT treatment was associated with a decreased risk of selected birth defects. However, additional investigation is warranted to understand if an association is driven by the timing of infection or treatment.

Indexed as

Chlamydia InfectionsCongenital AbnormalitiesPregnancy Complications, InfectiousAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsChlamydia trachomatisFemaleHumansNew YorkPregnancyPregnancy Trimester, FirstRegistriesRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial Agentschlamydiacongenitalcongenital abnormalitiesheart defectspregnancypublic health surveillance

Identifiers

PMID41555470
PMCPMC12816446

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.