ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2026
Molecular identification of hookworm infection in humans, dogs and cats in Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHookworm infection remains a major public health concern in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), where it is endemic nationwide and particularly prevalent in remote communities. However, information regarding species-specific identification is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hookworm infection and identify the infecting species among humans, dogs, and cats in both northern and southern regions of the Lao PDR.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2023 in Luangprabang Province (northern Lao PDR) and Champasak Province (southern Lao PDR). All residents aged 18 years and older who were present during the survey period and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. In addition, dogs and cats owned by enrolled participants and/or their household members were included. Hookworm infection was detected by identifying eggs in preserved stool samples using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). Species identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to amplify Necator americanus (485 bp) and Ancylostoma spp. (380 bp), followed by sequencing analysis of stool samples preserved in 70% ethanol. Descriptive statistics summarized hookworm prevalence in humans, dogs, and cats. Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared rates and means, with significance defined as P < 0.05.
resultsA total of 382 human participants, along with 37 dogs and 9 cats, completed all study procedures and were included in the analysis. Examination of preserved stool samples using FECT detected hookworm infection in 24.1% of humans (southern region: 36.6%; northern region: 11.8%) and in 76.1% of dogs and cats combined, with the highest prevalence observed in the southern region (92.6%). Molecular analysis identified N. americanus as the predominant species in humans (64.6%), followed by A. ceylanicum (20.5%). Among dogs and cats, N. americanus and A. caninum were each detected in 39.1% of samples, while A. ceylanicum accounted for 13.0%.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates a high prevalence of zoonotic hookworm infections in humans, dogs, and cats, highlighting the potential for interspecies transmission that complicates current prevention and control measures. Implementation of integrated control strategies-such as the One Health approach-that simultaneously address human and animal reservoirs is essential for achieving effective and sustainable hookworm control in the Lao PDR.
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