Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41555410›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and health2026

Regional variations and determinants of acute respiratory infection in Ethiopian children under five years: a multilevel analysis.

Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay, Tsegaye Getachew, Arega Zeru, Desallegn Ararso, Hiwot Achamyeleh, Tewodros Getinet Yirtaw, Wogayehu Taddele, Tesfaye Dagne, Martha Seife Zeweldemariam, Senait Alemayehu and 14 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Aderajew Mekonnen GirmayEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. aderajewmekonen1@gmail.com.
Tsegaye GetachewEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Arega ZeruEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Desallegn ArarsoEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Hiwot AchamyelehEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tewodros Getinet YirtawEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Wogayehu TaddeleEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tesfaye DagneEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Martha Seife ZeweldemariamEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Senait AlemayehuEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Hanim TesfayeEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Daniel Alemayehu ChekolEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Geremew GonfaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Kelem Berhanu AbrideEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Weldemariam Bahre GebregiorgisEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yitayh LeulEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fikreselassie GetachewEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Gebeyaw MollaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tefera TaddeleEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ashenif TadeleEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Girum Taye ZelekeEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mesay HailuEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ali S KhashanINFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Getachew TolleraEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcute respiratory infection (ARI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years worldwide. However, in Ethiopia, evidence on the distribution and determinants of ARI is limited. This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution and determinants of ARI among Ethiopian children under five years.

methodsA nationwide community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022. Mothers with at least one child under five years were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling approach. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. A total of 8747 mothers were included in the analysis. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to identify determinants of ARI. Four models were fitted, and the model with the lowest Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values was selected as the best-fitting model.

resultsThe 2-week prevalence of ARI among children under five was 21.3% (95% CI 20.5-22.2). The highest prevalence was observed in the Tigray region (36.1%), while the lowest was reported in Oromia (9.1%). Higher odds of ARI were observed among children aged 6-12 months (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and those older than 12 months (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.1), children not vaccinated with PCV3 (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.8), and children with diarrhea (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI 2.4-3.4) or malaria (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI 5.5-8.5). Children from households in the second (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.6) and fourth (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.6) wealth quintiles also had increased odds of ARI. Conversely, children living at very high altitudes had lower odds of ARI (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9). Vaccination coverage was suboptimal, with only 81.1%, 71.3%, and 64.5% of eligible children receiving PCV3, measles vaccine, and vitamin A supplementation, respectively.

conclusionARI remains a major public health problem among Ethiopian children under five years, with marked regional variation in prevalence. Both individual- and household/community-level factors significantly influence ARI risk. Strengthening targeted interventions, particularly improving vaccination coverage and addressing socio-economic disparities, is essential for reducing the burden of ARI.

Indexed as

Acute respiratory infectionChildrenDisparityEthiopiaMultilevel

Identifiers

PMID41555410
PMCPMC12828967

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.