ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Morpho-physiological and multivariate assessment of stay-green sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes under drought stress in Ethiopia.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
backgroundDrought is a major abiotic constraint that severely limits crop growth, development, and yield worldwide. In Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, post-flowering drought stress is particularly detrimental, significantly reducing grain yield and biomass accumulation. Enhancing drought tolerance through the stay-green trait remains a key breeding objective to improve productivity under water-limited conditions.
resultsA field experiment was conducted at Efratana Gidim District using an irrigation scheme to impose two water regimes: post-flowering water deficit and well-watered conditions. The trial was arranged in an alpha-lattice design to evaluate performance and determine genetic variation for yield and related traits among stay-green introgression near-isogenic sorghum lines. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotypic differences for most traits under both moisture regimes. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 46.6% for chlorophyll content at flowering (CHlF) to 93.1% for plant height (PHT) under water deficit, and from 67.2% (CHlF) to 94.7% (PHT) under well-watered conditions. Genetic advance as a percentage of the mean varied from 5.49% (CHlF) to 80.68% (photosynthetic rate at the hard-dough stage, AG) under water deficit, and from 4.85% (days to maturity, DTM) to 58.33% (peduncle exertion, PedEx) under well-watered conditions. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four and five clusters under the respective moisture regimes. Principal component analysis (eigenvalues > 1) explained 78.05% and 74.03% of the total phenotypic variation under water-deficit and well-watered conditions, respectively.
conclusionsSubstantial morpho-physiological diversity was observed among the evaluated sorghum lines. Under drought stress, chlorophyll maintenance showed direct positive inherent effect (CHlG, 0.431) on grain yield; the stay-green genotype ETSC16140 gave the maximum grain yield (4037.9 kg ha–1). Under well-watered set, the maximum grain yield was also obtained from the stay-green genotype ETSC16227 (5887.2 kg ha–1). Furthermore, thirteen stay-green introgression lines exhibited consistently superior grain yield performance across both water regimes. These genotypes constitute valuable breeding materials for sorghum improvement programs aimed at enhancing drought tolerance in semi-arid environments.
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