ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2026
Non-Invasive Break-Up Time in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort Study (ADEC): A Cross-Sectional Baseline Analysis.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the distribution of Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (NIBUT) and its potential associations with demographic characteristics, systemic disease, lifestyle factors, and psychological among adults in Beijing.
methodsWe conducted a population-based, cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort (ADEC), collected between July and August 2023. A total of 1,249 adult participants were randomly selected from 15 communities in Beijing, China, and 91.5% responded. Assessments included dry eye clinical signs, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and structured collection of demographic data, systemic diseases, lifestyle factors, and psychological status. Associations between NIBUT and potential correlates were examined using Univariable analyses and blocked multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and other covariates. Results are reported as unstandardized regression coefficients (B) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsData from 1,087 participants (one eye per participant) were included in the final analysis. The mean NIBUT of participants was 11.84 ± 4.39 s. Young adults (aged 18-39 years) had significantly higher NIBUT than both middle-aged (40-59 years) and older adults (≥ 60 years) (both p < 0.001). Female had significantly lower NIBUT values than male (p < 0.001). Blocked multiple linear regression analysis identified several factors that remained independently associated with NIBUT after multivariable adjustment, including female sex (B=-0.966, p = 0.001), older age (B=-0.040, p < 0.001), myopia (B=-0.531, p = 0.023), oral mucosal dryness (B=-1.124, p < 0.001), higher scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (B=-0.344, p < 0.001), and higher scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (B=-0.212, p < 0.001).
conclusionNIBUT is associated with a range of demographic, ocular, and psychological factors. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive, multi-factorial approach to the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.