Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41553557›Full record

ReviewCurrent microbiology2026

Genetically Encoded Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins for Viral Imaging and Detection: A Mini-Review.

Fakhrul Hassan, Abbas Khan, Muhammad Suleman, Faez Iqbal Khan, Ijaz Gul

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fakhrul HassanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Al-mizan Campus, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan. fakhr.hassan@riphah.edu.pk.
Abbas KhanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
Muhammad SulemanLaboratory of Animal Research Centre (LARC); Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Faez Iqbal KhanDepartment of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Ijaz GulInstitute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophytochrome-derived near-infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs) provide deep tissue penetration, low autofluorescence, and endogenous biliverdin compatibility, enabling non-invasive visualization of viral processes in living systems. Engineering advances (iRFPs, monomeric miRFPs, photoactivatable PAiRFPs) have improved brightness, stability, and genetic encodability for robust use in mammalian models. These reporters support real-time tracking of infection dynamics and host-virus interactions and power diagnostic platforms including reporter viruses, CRISPR-based assays, and nanotechnology-enhanced biosensors. Multimodal integration with photoacoustic tomography and PET further extends their translational utility. Remaining challenges include brightness/photostability limits and the need for broader translational validation, yet progress in structure-guided mutagenesis, computational/AI-assisted protein design, and hybrid imaging strategies promises to close these gaps. This mini-review synthesizes the design principles, viral imaging/detection use cases, and translational prospects of bacteriophytochrome-derived NIR FPs, highlighting their potential to advance viral surveillance, therapeutic evaluation, and precision diagnostics.

Indexed as

Luminescent ProteinsVirus DiseasesVirusesAnimalsBiosensing TechniquesHumansOptical ImagingLuminescent Proteins

Identifiers

PMID41553557

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.