Observational studyJapanese journal of ophthalmology2026
Distribution of axial length in Japanese children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years.
Observational study in Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Axial Length Growth Reference Curves and LMS Parameters for Japanese Children and Adolescents Aged 4-20 Years: The TMM BirThree Cohort Study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Beyond the clinic: a community-embedded, multidomain framework for early detection of glaucoma.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the distribution of axial length (AL) and the prevalence of long axial length (LAL) in Japanese children and adolescents. STUDY
designcross-sectional observational study
methodsWe analyzed AL data from 14,482 participants (7,457 boys and 7,025 girls) aged 4-19 in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Japan. AL was measured using a non-contact optical axis measurement device. We evaluated the distribution of AL in the participants with box plots for age. Segmented regression identified age-related trends and breakpoints. We calculated the age-specific proportions of participants with AL ≥ 24.5 mm and those with AL ≥ 26 mm, defined as LAL, which were considered indicative of suspected myopia.
resultsMean AL increased with age, with a break point at 11.73 years. The slope before the break point was β = 0.27, while the slope after the break point decreased to β = 0.12. Boys showed earlier break point (9.87 years) than girls (15.91 years). Proportions with AL ≥ 24.5mm and ≥26mm began to increase approximately at 8 and 10 years of age respectively, with sex differences noted between ages 7 to 10 years and 10 to 11 years.
conclusionThis was the first large-scale AL survey in Japan and revealed the age and sex related distribution of AL and the proportion with LAL among Japanese children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.