Effects of Vitamin C Concentration on the Growth and Development of First Instar Juvenile Chinese Horseshoe Crabs (Tachypleus tridentatus) Determined by Transcriptomic and Enzyme Activity Analyses.

Duyu Li, Mujiao Xie, Lei Luo, Xiaohai Chen, Ting Li, Xiaoyong Xie

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Article in Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Duyu LiKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.

Mujiao XieKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.

Lei LuoKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.

Xiaohai ChenKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.

Ting LiKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.

Xiaoyong XieKey Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China. xyxie@scsfri.ac.cn.

Funding

Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS No. 2024TS03Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China No. FREU2023-07National Key Research and Development Program No. 2024YFD2401404Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province No. 2024A1515012696

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin C (VC) is an essential micronutrient known to significantly promote growth and enhance immunity in aquatic organisms. For crustaceans, dietary VC is a critical requirement for proper development. To assess the effects of VC supplementation on juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus tridentatus), first instar juveniles were subjected to various concentrations of VC in the aquatic environment. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal VC concentration for the growth and survival of juvenile horseshoe crabs based on experimental records; to investigate the effects of VC on their gene expression through transcriptomic analysis; and to examine the impacts of various VC concentrations by measuring enzyme activities. The experimental results showed that the optimal VC concentration for molting was 30 mg/L (medium concentration), while 90 mg/L (high concentration) was optimal for survival. The effects of VC were specifically manifested by up-regulation of cytochrome c-like and down-regulation of ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 and increased alkaline phosphatase levels, which accelerated energy absorption and promoted rational energy allocation. At moderate-to-high concentrations, VC up-regulated the expression of papain family cysteine protease and partially up-regulated β-actin, while down-regulating ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29) and rho-related proteins. This expression profile ensured the precise execution of apoptosis and cell division/differentiation. Additionally, downregulation of RPL39 by VC enhanced translation efficiency. Concurrently, up-regulation of RPLP2, protein component of the small (40 S) ribosomal subunit, and RPL35, along with elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, collectively improved cellular immunity and repair capacity. Overall, these results confirm that VC promotes the growth and development of T. tridentatus.

Indexed as

Ascorbic AcidHorseshoe CrabsAnimalsGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMoltingTranscriptomeAscorbic AcidEnzyme activity assayMolting rateSurvival rateTachypleus tridentatusTranscriptomicsVitamin c

Identifiers

PMID41553372

DOI10.1007/s10126-026-10569-7

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.