Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41553161›Full record

ReviewExpert opinion on therapeutic targets2026

VGLUT2 in Parkinson's disease: an emerging therapeutic target.

Zachary Freyberg, Mary M Torregrossa, Emily M Rocha

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zachary FreybergDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Mary M TorregrossaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Emily M RochaDepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Funding

Novel roles of VGLUT in sex differences in dopamine neuron vulnerability to environmental toxicant-induced neurodegenerationR01ES034037 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ZACHARY FREYBERG · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionParkinson's disease is among the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders today and characterized by midbrain dopamine neuron degeneration. However, this cell loss is not uniform. Though most dopamine neuron loss occurs in the substantia nigra, some ventral tegmental area and dorsal-tier substantia nigra dopamine neurons are relatively resistant to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this dopamine neuron resilience remain unclear. Novel insights into neuronal resilience are provided by evidence of a midbrain dopamine neuron subpopulation that expresses the vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGLUT2, and is more resistant to cell loss in both preclinical models and clinically in Parkinson's disease. Thus, VGLUT2 expression has emerged as a defining signature difference between vulnerable versus resilient dopamine neuron subpopulations. AREAS COVERED: Here, we review recent developments in the potential mechanisms of dopamine neuron resilience and the therapeutic potential associated with boosting cellular resilience via VGLUT2. EXPERT OPINION: We discuss approaches to maximize VGLUT2-mediated dopamine neuron resiliency. This includes increasing the efficiency of vesicular sequestration of dopamine to decrease generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and increasing levels of neuroprotective antioxidant glutathione. Taken together, VGLUT2-mediated pathways represent original directions to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms and modify disease progression.

Indexed as

Molecular Targeted TherapyParkinson DiseaseVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2AnimalsDopamineDopaminergic NeuronsGlutathioneHumansReactive Oxygen SpeciesDopamineGlutathioneReactive Oxygen SpeciesVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2DopamineglutamateneurodegenerationParkinson’s diseasesynaptic vesicleVGLUT2

Identifiers

PMID41553161
PMCPMC12853294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.