ArticleACS omega2026
A Green Approach to the Simultaneous Detection of Vitamin C, Paracetamol, and Caffeine Using an Aspartic Acid-Modified Waste Battery Electrode.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
In this study, a waste dry cell battery (WB) electrode was electrochemically modified with aspartic acid (APA) to fabricate the APA-WB electrode for the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PA), and caffeine (CA). The WB electrode was fabricated, cleaned, and polished, its upper surface was insulated with dye, a copper wire attached for electrical contact, and finally modified with APA using voltammetric techniques. Structural and elemental characterizations of the bare and APA-modified WB electrodes were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The results show that the bare WB electrode is mainly graphite-based and that APA modification forms a poly-APA film on its surface. The detection techniques used in this study included cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Of these techniques, DPV was employed for the simultaneous analysis of the analytes. Among various APA-modified electrodes (APA-GC, APA-Pt, APA-PG, and APA-Au), APA-WB exhibited the highest sensitivity and detection capability. The APA-modified electrode demonstrated excellent analytical performance for the three analytes in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), exhibiting diffusion-controlled behavior and high selectivity with well-resolved peaks for AA, PA, and CA. Limits of detection were 0.20, 0.15, and 0.33 μmol L
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