Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41552414›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2025

Isradipine enhancement of virtual reality cue exposure therapy is effective for individuals with higher baseline cue-induced craving.

Santiago Papini, Cara C Young, Richard A Brown, Haruka Minami, Hitoshi Morikawa, Michael W Otto, John D Roache, Jasper A J Smits

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Santiago PapiniDepartment of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C400, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Cara C YoungSchool of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Richard A BrownSchool of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Haruka MinamiDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road,, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
Hitoshi MorikawaDepartment of Neuroscience and Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Michael W OttoDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University,, 900E Commonwealth Ave, Floor 2, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
John D RoacheDivision of Alcohol & Drug Addiction, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Jasper A J SmitsDepartment of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Mail Code A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Funding

Isradipine and Virtual Reality Cue Exposure for Smoking CessationR21DA049539 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI SMITS, JASPER, YOUNG, CARA CALLOWAY · 2019 to 2020
$430k
NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA049539
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Evidence based treatments for smoking cessation have high recurrence rates. Targeting cue-induced craving, a strong predictor of smoking recurrence, may be critical to promoting sustained abstinence. We previously found that isradipine, an FDA-approved antihypertensive, enhanced the effect of virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) on cue-induced craving. In this secondary analysis we tested whether this augmentation strategy was more beneficial for participants with high (relative to low) baseline cue-induced craving. Methods: After a 24-h abstinence challenge, participants (N = 78) completed a single session of VR-CET with isradipine or placebo, and returned for a 24-h follow-up to repeat the procedure in a medication-free state. We conducted a moderator analysis to test the hypothesis that the effect of isradipine on cue-induced craving at follow-up would be larger among participants with higher (relative to lower) baseline cue-reactivity. Results: In the model of cue-induced craving at follow-up, the Group ×  Baseline cue-reactivity interaction was significant, Conclusions: Results suggest isradipine enhances VR-CET, particularly for individuals with higher baseline levels of cue-induced craving. Future studies testing prevention strategies that target higher cue-induced craving with isradipine to reduce rates of smoking recurrence are warranted.

Indexed as

Cue exposure therapyCue-induced cravingCue reactivityPrecision medicineVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41552414
PMCPMC12805160

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.