Synergistic Ultramicropore-Confined and Electronic-State Modulation Strategies in Sustainable Lignin-Derived Hard Carbon for Robust Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Yuzhong Xie, Yuqing Wang, Yusuke Yamauchi, Minjun Kim, Fang Yuan, Yuhang He, Yiqiang Wu, Caichao Wan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

Functionalization of Fast-Charging Hard Carbon Anode for Ah-Level Li-Ion Pouch Batteries.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
Article
Industrial Lignin Upcycled to High-Performance, Cost-Competitive Bio-based Adhesives via Green Ion-Exchange Self-Catalytic Strategy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuzhong XieCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.

Yuqing WangCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.

Yusuke YamauchiAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

Minjun KimAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

Fang YuanCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.

Yuhang HeCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.

Yiqiang WuCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.

Caichao WanCollege of Materials and Energy, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-2691

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The performance of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries is restricted by competing mechanisms: excessive surfaces cause irreversible reactions lowering the initial coulombic efficiency, while insufficient active sites limit capacity. To mitigate this trade-off effect, a synergistic strategy of ultramicropore confinement and electronic-state modulation in lignin-derived hard carbon was created. Using sodium lignosulfonate, a common sulfonated polymer in paper-making waste, we developed N/S-codoped hard carbon microspheres (N-S@HDM) via preoxidation-induced cross-linking and optimized pyrolysis. Preoxidation inhibits graphitic alignment, creating an expanded interlayer spacing and a closed-pore-dominated structure (94.27% at 1,300 °C). This interconnected network (

Identifiers

PMID41551911

DOI10.34133/research.1039

PMCPMC12804597

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.