Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41551772›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment.

Wen-Jie Zhang, Bei-Min Tian, Fang Li, Xuan Li, Rui-Xin Wu, Yuan Yin, Jia Wang, Dao-Kun Deng, Yu-Zhe Chen, Hong-Yu Wang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Wen-Jie ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Bei-Min TianState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Fang LiState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Xuan LiState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Rui-Xin WuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Yuan YinState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Jia WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Dao-Kun DengState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Yu-Zhe ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Hong-Yu WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Yu-Xuan DuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Xuan WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Yin XiaoSchool of Medicine and Dentistry & Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
Xiao-Tao HeState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
Fa-Ming ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modulating macrophage phenotype and function via immunometabolic reprogramming represents a new therapeutic paradigm to combat chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Tetrameric pyruvate kinase M2 (Tet-PKM2), a highly active metabolic enzyme involved in the flux of glucose-derived carbons into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), was found to be dramatically decreased in response to inflammation, rendering a potential immunometabolic target for developping new therapeutics. Hence, we report a large extracellular vesicle (LEV) that is bioengineered to intracellularly deliver Tet-PKM2 for the reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages and the restoration of their aberrant immunometabolism. We engineered Tet-PKM2-enriched LEVs modified by tannic acid (LEVs

Identifiers

PMID41551772
PMCPMC12808913

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.