Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41551764›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

Construction of biomimetic gradient-structured cartilage organoids and mechanistic study of their application for cartilage rejuvenation.

Xiangwan Miao, Keyu Kong, Kewei Rong, Qianqian Song, Tingxian Guo, Chenyu Zhang, Qiang Wu, Zanjing Zhai, Ye Sun, Yaokai Gan and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xiangwan MiaoDepartment of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Keyu KongDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Kewei RongDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qianqian SongDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
Tingxian GuoDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chenyu ZhangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qiang WuDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zanjing ZhaiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ye SunDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Yaokai GanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Mingliang XiangDepartment of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Kerong DaiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Anthony AtalaWake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA.
Zuyan LuDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Articular cartilage damage, an important cause of osteoarthritis (OA), is often caused by a senescent cartilage microenvironment and insufficient repair of chondrocytes. These effects are due to limited availability and a depleted stemness phenotype of chondrocyte stem cells, leading to the failure of cartilage repair and exacerbation of symptoms. In this study, a biomimetic gradient-structured cartilage organoid (BGSC-organoid) culture system was developed using decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix infused with extracellular vesicles from SOX9-overexpressing bone marrow-derived stem cells (SBEVs) to induce the rejuvenation of senescent chondrocytes. Single-cell sequencing revealed that a subpopulation of chondrocytes could be rejuvenated in the BGSC-organoid culture system. Moreover, an ex vivo osteoarthritis-on-a-chip (OAOC) model with cyclic mechanical stimulation was constructed to simulate the mechanical microenvironment of cartilage. BGSC-organoids exhibited sustained release of chondrocyte-protective factors and good mechanical resistance through the Vimentin/14-3-3/FOXO3 pathway. Animal studies showed that BGSC-organoids preserved a hyaline-like cartilage phenotype

Indexed as

3D printingCartilage organoidsCartilage rejuvenationOsteoarthritis-on-a-chip

Identifiers

PMID41551764
PMCPMC12810501

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.