Ameliorative Effects of Ethyl-Acetate Extract of

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is known to induce oxidative stress and disrupt male reproductive function. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of the ethyl-acetate extract of Method: GC-MS phytocompounds from EABP were subjected to Result: Molecular docking analysis revealed that 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, a key phytoconstituent of EABP, exhibited strong binding affinity for both the androgen receptor (AR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Its interaction with AR was comparable to that of testosterone, suggesting potential androgenic activity, while its binding to NRF2 mirrored that of vitamin C. The extract's antioxidant activity was further supported by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, where it demonstrated moderate potency with an IC₅₀ of 6.11μg/mL, compared to 1.25μg/mL for vitamin C. in vivo findings showed that treatment with EABP at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg restored SOD activity and significantly reduced MDA levels. Catalase (CAT) activity also improved, particularly at the higher dose. Conclusion: Collectively, these results indicate that the EABP offers protective effects against BPA-induced oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, and reproductive dysfunction, possibly through its combined antioxidant and hormone-like properties.