ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Reconstituting the head and neck tumor microenvironment with air-liquid interface organoids.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: an underexplored immunosuppressive axis and strategic target for overcoming checkpoint inhibitor resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organoids in gastric cancer: bridging the tumor microenvironment to functional precision oncology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: A patient-derived head and neck cancer organoid (HNCO) model that can reconstruct the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME) was established using air-liquid interface (ALI) culture technology. The Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) could be maintained in this model for a certain period of time. This model was confirmed to simulate PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, providing a reliable Methods: Fresh tumor tissue samples were obtained to establish an ALI head and neck cancer organoid (ALI-HNCO) model. The oncological characteristics of the organoids and their homology with parental tumors were verified using histomorphological analysis. T lymphocytes and fibroblasts in the organoids were detected using immunofluorescence staining. After treating with pembrolizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor), the secreted levels of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and changes in the ratio of CD8+/CD4+ distributed in the immune microenvironment of the organoid, as well as the expression of CD69+ immune cell subsets, were analyzed using flow cytometry. The FVS staining assay was used to verify the killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells. Results: The comparison of immunofluorescence in organoids and parental tumor tissues showed that CD3+ lymphocytes and SMA+ cells were also present in the active organoid tissues. Approximately 17.86% (5/28) of the ALI-HNCO model could amplify specific reactive CD8+ T lymphocytes, generating tumor specificity and cytotoxicity. Discussion: An
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