ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
STING activation by teniposide: a potential direct mechanism beyond cGAS stimulation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- ZBP1 and IFI16: novel innate sensors and inflammation regulation under infection stress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The STimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a key adaptor protein in the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, making it a promising therapeutic target. Identifying novel STING ligands could provide new opportunities for immune modulation. Methods: We employed high-throughput virtual screening to identify potential STING ligands and selected Teniposide, an anticancer drug primarily used for infant leukemia. Direct binding of Teniposide to STING's cytosolic domain was confirmed via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and validated using a double mutant STING variant unable to bind Teniposide. Computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the binding mode. Results: Teniposide activated the IFN-β signaling pathway in a STING-dependent manner, independent of dsDNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 16 (IFI16). ITC confirmed direct interaction, and the STING double mutant abolished binding. Computational analyses revealed a symmetrical binding mode involving two Teniposide molecules interacting with STING. Discussion: These findings suggest that Teniposide activates STING through a previously unrecognized, cGAS-independent mechanism, while retaining potential for canonical cGAS-STING stimulation. Our combined computational and experimental evidence supports repurposing Teniposide as a STING agonist, highlighting new therapeutic possibilities for innate immune stimulation.
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