Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550697›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

HIV Status and COVID-19 Treatment Disparities in the US National Clinical Cohort Collaborative.

Emmanuel Nazaire Essam Nkodo, Pooja Maheria, Eric Hurwitz, Alfred Jerrod Anzalone, Dongmei Li, Jessica Y Islam, Jing Sun, Cara D Varley, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Sandra E Safo and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Emmanuel Nazaire Essam NkodoDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4388-8398
Pooja MaheriaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8462-9323
Eric HurwitzDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-7754
Alfred Jerrod AnzaloneDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-7845
Dongmei LiDepartment of Clinical and Translational Research, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-2483
Jessica Y IslamDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-3848
Jing SunDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-0962
Cara D VarleyDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University; Epidemiology Program, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-4489
Zachary Butzin-DozierDivision of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-0008
Sandra E SafoDivision of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9593-4778
Kaylyn KirkseyDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3360-6415
Shukri A HassanDepartments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Marlene Camacho-RiveraDepartment of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-2941
Rena C PatelDepartments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-5856
Nada FadulDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-9063

Funding

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7M
University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2016 to 2025
$129.3M
UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
Project-005UL1TR001445 · NCATS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI BREDELLA, MIRIAM ANTOINETTE, HOCHMAN, JUDITH S · 2015 to 2025
$103.5M
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Phenotypic Diversity in COVID-19UL1TR001878 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI FITZGERALD, GARRET A · 2016 to 2025
$102.4M
Transform Dissemination and Implementation Science in CTSA ProgramsUL1TR002319 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI John K. Amory · 2017 to 2026
$100.0M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science CenterUL1TR002541 · NCATS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2018 to 2022
$93.0M
Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1M
Gates Foundation INV-018455NCATS NIH HHS U24 TR002306NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000460NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001412NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001427NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001430NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001433NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001436NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001450NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001453NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001855NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001860NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001866NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001876NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001878NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001998NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002001NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002003NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002240NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002319NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002366NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002369NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002377NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002384NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002389NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002537NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002541NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002544NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002550NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002553NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002556NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002645NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002649NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002733NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002736NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003015NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003017NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003096NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003107NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003142NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003167NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004406NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004528NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004556NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI162247NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104938NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104941NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115371NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115428NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115458NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115516NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115677NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM133807NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131542
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: While disparities in COVID-19 therapeutic access have been documented, the effect of HIV status on treatment access and how it intersects with other sociodemographic factors has not been well explored. Using data from the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C), we investigated disparities in COVID-19 therapeutic prescription among persons with HIV and without HIV. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients' data from January 2020 to November 2024. The study included 7 806 412 patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis, of whom 45 508 (0.58%) were persons with HIV. We employed logistic and linear regression models to assess associations between therapeutic receipt and patient characteristics. Results: Persons with HIV had significantly higher adjusted odds of receiving COVID-19 therapeutics compared to persons without HIV (remdesivir, aOR 1.26 [95% CI: 1.20, 1.33]; nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, aOR 2.86 [95% CI: 2.77, 2.95]). Despite this, significant racial/ethnic inequities were observed. American Indian or Alaskan Native persons with HIV (estimated coefficient 0.997) and Hispanic/Latinx persons with HIV (estimated coefficient 0.992) had a lower estimated prevalence of remdesivir receipt compared to White Non-Hispanic individuals. For nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, Black/African American individuals (persons with HIV, estimated coefficient 0.947; persons without HIV, estimated coefficient 0.943), American Indian or Alaskan Native persons with HIV (estimated coefficient 0.996), and Hispanic/Latinx individuals (estimated coefficient 0.992) showed a lower estimated prevalence of receipt compared to their White counterparts. Conclusions: Persons with HIV demonstrated higher odds of receiving COVID-19 therapeutics than persons without HIV. However, persistent racial and ethnic inequities in treatment uptake were evident.

Indexed as

COVID-19DisparitiesHIVnirmatrelvir/ritonavirremdesivir

Identifiers

PMID41550697
PMCPMC12805825

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.