Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41550679›Full record

ArticleThe World Allergy Organization journal2026

Distinct treatment response trajectories to allergen immunotherapy in allergic asthma and rhinitis: Insights from a multicenter study in routine clinical practice.

Pingan Zhang, Rundong Qin, Weixi Zhang, Yungang Yang, Huabin Li, Xiaoyan Dong, Yong He, Huiying Wang, Zhimin Chen, Liang Chen and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. [A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Acupuncture at the Sphenopalatine Ganglion for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Pingan ZhangState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Rundong QinState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Weixi ZhangDepartment of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Yungang YangDepartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Huabin LiAllergy Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENTHospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Xiaoyan DongDepartment of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Yong HeDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
Huiying WangDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospitao of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejaing province, 310009, China.
Zhimin ChenDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
Liang ChenDepartment of Allergy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, China.
Jinzhun WuDepartment of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China.
Yanmin BaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Man TianChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
Guolin TanDepartment of Otolarryngology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Jing YeDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
Meiling JinDepartmenet of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Yi LiangDepartment of Pediatrics, Xinchang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
Kang XuDepartment of Pediatrics, Qingtian County People's Hospital, China.
Lijuan MaoDepartment of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
Qingqing LvDepartment of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
Yi ZhangDepartment of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Yuexiu Children's Hospital, China.
Wanjun WangState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jing LiState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: While allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is recognized as an effective treatment, its efficacy varies widely. However, whether clinical response trajectories to AIT differ among individuals and influence its effectiveness has not been investigated. Objective: This study aimed to characterize real-world clinical response trajectories to three-year AIT (3y-AIT). Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study across 53 centers to identify clinical response trajectories in patients with house dust mite allergic asthma and rhinitis undergoing three-year AIT. The efficacy of AIT was primarily assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for allergic symptoms at 4 time points: baseline (before AIT), and at 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment. Clustering analysis based on VAS changes at these time points was used to define response trajectories. Initial analysis was performed using data from 52 centers (Alliance cohort), and validation was conducted using data from a separate center (Guangzhou cohort). Results: In the Alliance cohort, 4 distinct clinical response trajectories were identified. Cluster 1 showed symptom worsening in the first year, with no improvement by year 3. Cluster 2 exhibited symptom deterioration in the second year, followed by significant recovery and a positive response by year 3. Clusters 3 and 4, characterized by higher and lower baseline symptom severity, respectively, demonstrated marked improvement after 3 years of AIT. In the Guangzhou cohort, a similar pattern of 4 response trajectories was observed: higher baseline symptom severity and family tobacco exposure were key features of Cluster 1 (p < 0.001), while Cluster 2 had the highest rate of respiratory infections (>1/year, p < 0.001). Despite these distinct trajectories, first-year effectiveness emerged as an ideal predictor of the 3-year AIT response, with an AUC of 0.75. Conclusion: This study identified 4 primary treatment response trajectories to 3-year AIT in daily clinical practice, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of AIT responses among individuals. Notably, first-year effectiveness appears to be an ideal predictor of the 3-year AIT outcome.

Indexed as

AsthmaClinical studyCluster analysisDesensitizationImmunologicRoutinely collected Health Data

Identifiers

PMID41550679
PMCPMC12811459

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.