Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41549771›Full record

Trial reportClinical pharmacology in drug development2026

Assessment of the Intestinal CYP3A Contribution to Drug Interactions with Extended-Release Tacrolimus (LCPT) Using Grapefruit Juice.

Adekunle Alabi, Janice S Kerr, Mita Shah, Adnan Khan, Joseph D Ma, Raymond T Suhandynata, Jeremiah D Momper, Shirley M Tsunoda

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Adekunle AlabiDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Janice S KerrDepartment of Pharmacy, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
Mita ShahDepartment of Medicine, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
Adnan KhanDepartment of Medicine, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
Joseph D MaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Raymond T SuhandynataSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jeremiah D MomperSkaggs School of Pharmacy and  Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Shirley M TsunodaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and  Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Funding

Veloxis Pharmaceuticals
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Grapefruit juice (GFJ) is a known inhibitor of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) metabolism leading to increased exposure to CYP3A substrates such as tacrolimus. The extended-release tacrolimus formulation Envarsus (LCPT) exhibits prolonged absorption throughout the entire GI tract. Although a clinically significant drug-drug interaction occurs with immediate-release tacrolimus formulations, this has not been evaluated with extended-release formulations. This study assessed the impact of GFJ on LCPT in adult kidney transplant patients. Eleven adult kidney transplant recipients on a stable dose of LCPT were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Participants were administered either GFJ or water during each pharmacokinetic visit, with midazolam used as a positive control. A washout period of 2-4 weeks was included between visits. Tacrolimus concentrations were determined using validated LC-MS/MS methods. Tacrolimus AUC

Indexed as

Citrus paradisiCytochrome P-450 CYP3ACytochrome P-450 CYP3A InhibitorsFood-Drug InteractionsFruit and Vegetable JuicesImmunosuppressive AgentsTacrolimusAdultArea Under CurveCross-Over StudiesDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug InteractionsFemaleHumansKidney TransplantationMaleCYP3A protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP3ACytochrome P-450 CYP3A InhibitorsDelayed-Action PreparationsImmunosuppressive AgentsMidazolamTacrolimuscytochrome P450 3Adrug–drug interactionsEnvarsusgrapefruit juiceLC‐MS/MSmidazolamtacrolimus

Identifiers

PMID41549771
PMCPMC12813645

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.