Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41549565›Full record

ArticleEquine veterinary journal2026

Risk assessment for condylar stress fracture in elite racing Thoroughbreds using standing computed tomography-based virtual mechanical testing.

Nicola L Brown, Soroush Irandoust, Elleana J Thom, R Christopher Whitton, Corinne R Henak, Peter Muir

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Article in Equine veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nicola L BrownDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Soroush IrandoustDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-1204
Elleana J ThomDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
R Christopher WhittonDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-4065
Corinne R HenakDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-1350
Peter MuirDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-6005

Funding

American Veterinary Medical AssociationThe Hong Kong Jockey Club Equine Welfare Research Foundation MRG-2022-100008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCondylar stress fracture of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) is a common catastrophic injury in Thoroughbred racehorses and is associated with parasagittal groove (PSG) subchondral osteolysis. Standing computed tomography (sCT) imaging enables sensitive identification of this fatigue-induced early subchondral bone injury (SBI), but there is no objective method for identifying racehorses at heightened risk of condylar stress fracture.

objectivesTo estimate PSG first principal strain in elite Thoroughbred racehorses that have undergone subjective risk assessment using sCT fetlock screening. STUDY

designRetrospective clinical study.

methodsWe used fetlock sCT images from nine thoracic limbs from seven Thoroughbred racehorses. A tuned, validated, 3D finite element (FE) analysis was used as a virtual mechanical test to estimate PSG first principal strain in the distal MC3 from these joints. Virtual mechanical testing results were compared with a subjective clinical imaging risk assessment using a screening approach by Racing Victoria.

resultsMC3 condyles with PSG SBI consistently and significantly displayed increased levels of first principal strain throughout the PSG. We found focal strain concentrations associated with the SBI location compared to condyles with no evidence of PSG SBI. Diagnosis of SBI with PSG focal osteolysis, FE-predicted strain elevation, and clinical imaging risk assessment were concordant with R MAIN LIMITATIONS: The sample size was small, and our virtual mechanical testing protocol does not account for whole-joint physiology.

conclusionsRisk assessment through sCT screening is an established approach to injury prevention in racing Thoroughbreds. Concordance of a current clinical imaging risk assessment approach by Racing Victoria with objective FE analysis of principal strain in sites of PSG SBI in the present study suggests 3D FE analysis using a validated pipeline has potential as a new approach for routine assessment of risk of MC3 condylar stress fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses once computational pipeline automation yields a clinically relevant analysis time.

Indexed as

Fractures, StressHorse DiseasesTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleForelimbHorsesMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk Assessment

Identifiers

PMID41549565
PMCPMC13041603

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.