Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41549347›Full record

ArticleInfant mental health journal2026

Trauma-informed care in early intervention: Providers' barriers, boundaries, and needs.

Crystal S Williams, Mia Chudzik, Emily E Holden

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infant mental health journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Crystal S WilliamsDepartment of Special Education, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-7058
Mia ChudzikDepartment of Special Education, Department of Curriculum & Instruction, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-2231
Emily E HoldenSchool of Education and Human Development, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6037-8654

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Young children who receive early intervention (EI) services are at increased likelihood of having experienced trauma, as trauma is most common in the birth-to-three age range, especially for children with disabilities. Little is known about EI services for trauma-impacted children and families. Previous research suggested that EI providers are unprepared to support trauma. Thus, we conducted qualitative interviews with 14 EI providers in one US state to understand the barriers and needs related to trauma-informed care (TIC). We organized our findings so that each theme is nested in a system from social ecological theory. The six themes included macrosystem (the system is unequipped, lack of role clarity), exosystem (providers need specific training), mesosystem (gatekeeping, family-provider dynamics), and microsystem (EI providers' well-being and comfort). Implications include the need for a top-down approach to TIC in EI and clarification of the roles of various EI disciplines in implementing TIC.

Indexed as

Early Intervention, EducationalEarly Medical InterventionHealth PersonnelChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative Researchearly interventionqualitative methodstrauma‐informed care

Identifiers

PMID41549347
PMCPMC12813253

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.