ArticleRespiratory research2026
Impact of concurrent systemic and inhaled corticosteroid use on clinical outcomes in advanced lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immunological Drug-Drug Interactions in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Artificial Intelligence.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCorticosteroids are frequently used during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, especially in lung cancer patients with comorbidities. Previous studies suggest that systemic corticosteroids (SCS) hinder the effectiveness of ICIs, while the impact of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between concurrent SCS and ICS on clinical outcomes in advanced lung cancer patients treated with ICIs.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled adults with advanced lung cancer who initiated ICIs between September 1 2016 and September 30 2023 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Exposure included concurrent SCS, ICS versus no steroid treatment. Clinical outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and tumor response were assessed. Time-dependent Cox regression models (treating SCS and ICS use as time-varying covariates) were applied to account for immortal-time bias.
resultsAmong 368 patients, 122 were SCS users, 51 were ICS users and 195 did not receive corticosteroids. SCS use was associated with inferior PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–2.84; p value < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.77; 95% CI, 1.25–2.51; p value = 0.001), whereas ICS use was not significantly associated with PFS (HR 1.35; 95% CI, 0.66–2.80; p value = 0.412) or OS (HR 1.48; 95% CI, 0.74–2.97; p value = 0.269). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses generally supported the robustness of these findings. In exploratory analyses restricted to SCS users, initiation of SCS within 2 months after ICI start was associated with worse survival.
conclusionsThis study suggests that concurrent SCS use may adversely affect the clinical outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy, whereas ICS use did not appear to compromise ICI efficacy. These findings highlight the critical need for cautious consideration when combining ICIs with systemic corticosteroids and emphasize the importance of treating both cancer and lung comorbidity simultaneously.
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