ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2026
Outer retinal tubulation associated with photoreceptor degeneration.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Subretinal to Intraretinal Fluid in Type 1 Macular Neovascularization: A Clinicopathologic Disease Transition Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Outer retinal tubulation (ORT) is a distinct structural manifestation of chronic photoreceptor degeneration, observed across a broad spectrum of retinal diseases. Initially described histologically as rosette-like formations, ORT has gained clinical relevance with the advent of high-resolution imaging modalities such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO), which enable in vivo visualization of its tubular architecture. ORT arises from sustained photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) injury, leading to the reorganization of surviving cones ensheathed by gliotic Müller cell processes. This review integrates historical, histological, and imaging data to elucidate ORT's cellular composition, formation mechanisms, and disease-specific patterns. We introduce a novel etiological classification of ORT, categorized as degenerative, fibrotic, or edematous ORT according to predominant pathogenic drivers, to facilitate cross-disease comparison and prognostic stratification. Clinically, ORT serves as a non-exudative biomarker of chronic retinal injury, aiding differential diagnosis and informing treatment strategies. In age-related macular degeneration, ORT is associated with subretinal fibrosis and poor visual outcomes; in geographic atrophy, it may signal slower lesion progression. In inherited retinal dystrophies, ORT reflects genotype-specific vulnerabilities and residual photoreceptor survival, with implications for therapeutic targeting. As imaging technologies advance, ORT offers promise as a structural marker of disease chronicity, photoreceptor resilience, and Müller cell plasticity, enhancing diagnostic precision and supporting its role as a meaningful endpoint in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.