ArticleScientific reports2026
Integrative analysis of plasma small-molecule and gut-microbiome markers of sarcopenia in a pilot study within an Indian cohort.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-associated decline in muscle mass and strength, is influenced by metabolic, inflammatory, and microbiome-related factors. However, integrative analyses combining these dimensions remain limited. This study applies a multi-omics workflow to identify plasma metabolite, lipid, and microbiome signatures linked to sarcopenia in older adults. Forty community-dwelling adults aged 60–87 years were classified as sarcopenic (n = 15) or non-sarcopenic (n = 25) using EWGSOP2 criteria, incorporating dominant hand grip strength (DHGS), chair rise time, psoas muscle cross-sectional area (CT), and SARC-F score. Plasma metabolomics (308 metabolites) and lipidomics (295 lipids) were performed using LC-MS/MS. A support vector machine (SVM) model with recursive feature elimination identified discriminative metabolites. Gut microbiome profiles were generated using 16 S rRNA sequencing and correlated with metabolite patterns. DHGS was the strongest clinical predictor of sarcopenia (AUROC = 0.93). Sarcopenic subjects exhibited higher systemic inflammation (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, p = 0.011) and elevated plasma arachidonic acid (p = 0.013). Thirteen lipid species—primarily lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, hexosylceramides, and acylcarnitines—were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Twenty-four metabolites, including spermidine, lysine, homoarginine, and karanjin, were correlated with sarcopenia. A 16-metabolite panel derived from SVM modeling classified sarcopenic status with 89% accuracy. Microbiome analysis identified 54 taxa linked to sarcopenia, including a subgroup with a dysbiotic, pro-inflammatory microbiome. This integrative multi-omics study identifies exploratory candidate markers—13 lipids, 16 metabolites, and 54 microbial taxa—associated with sarcopenia, highlighting host–microbiome metabolic interactions and providing a framework for early biomarker discovery. Using this pilot study a validation in a larger independent cohort can be designed.
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