Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41547831›Full record

ArticleParticle and fibre toxicology2026

Lung retention, distribution and persistence of polymer particles in rats exposed via inhalation.

Emanoela Thá, Lan Ma-Hock, Markus Rueckel, Till Gruendling, Wendel Wohlleben, Bernd Reck, Robert Landsiedel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Particle and fibre toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Emanoela TháExperimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Lan Ma-HockExperimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Markus RueckelMaterial Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Till GruendlingAnalytical Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Wendel WohllebenAnalytical Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Bernd ReckAnalytical Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
Robert LandsiedelExperimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany. robert.landsiedel@basf.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicroplastics have been repeatedly detected in the human body, yet uncertainties surround their bioavailability and fate due to experimental challenges and limitations, especially regarding their nano-sized counterparts. Knowing that toxicokinetics information is essential for accurate risk assessment and management, this research aimed to (1) evaluate different sample preparation and quantification methods for nanoplastics particles in mammalian tissue, and (2) investigate the lung retention, bioavailability and fate of these particles.

methodsIn this study, rats inhaled aerosols with up to 50 mg/m

resultsPA-6 deposition was detected and quantified in lung and lymph nodes. Deposition of PS-NR was quantified in lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes, but no particles were detected in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The lung burdens and translocation to the draining lymph nodes were similar for both particles, and particles were still detectable after the end of the exposure periods (five weeks for PS-NR and 13 weeks for PA-6).

conclusionsThis work highlights limitations and applicability of the various methods for sample preparation, detecting and quantifying polymer particles in mammalian tissues. In addition, it provides reliable data on the internal dose of inhaled polymer particles.

Indexed as

Inhalation ExposureLungMicroplasticsNylonsPolystyrenesAdministration, InhalationAerosolsAnimalsBiological AvailabilityGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryLymph NodesMaleParticle SizePolymersRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAerosolsMicroplasticsNylonsPolymersPolystyrenesInternal doseIn vivo inhalation studyLungLymph nodeNanoplasticsPolymerPyrolysis-GC/MS

Identifiers

PMID41547831
PMCPMC12814592

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.