Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41547762›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2026

Hematology and blood pH reference intervals for wild Spiny Butterfly Rays (Gymnura altavela) in the Canary Islands.

Gustavo Montero-Hernández, Ángel Curros-Moreno, Ayoze Castro-Alonso, Ángelo Santana-Del-Pino, Lucía Caballero-Hernández, David Jiménez-Alvarado, Ana Espino-Ruano, Airam Guerra-Marrero, Lorena Couce-Montero, José J Castro-Hernández and 5 more

Abstract read
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Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Gustavo Montero-HernándezInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain.
Ángel Curros-MorenoInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain.
Ayoze Castro-AlonsoInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain. ayoze.castro@ulpgc.es.
Ángelo Santana-Del-PinoDepartment of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Edf. Informática y Matemáticas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
Lucía Caballero-HernándezInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain.
David Jiménez-AlvaradoI.U. Ecoaqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
Ana Espino-RuanoI.U. Ecoaqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
Airam Guerra-MarreroI.U. Ecoaqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
Lorena Couce-MonteroI.U. Ecoaqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
José J Castro-HernándezI.U. Ecoaqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain.
Francesco GrandeLoro Parque Fundación, Av. Loro Parque s/n, Puerto de la Cruz, 38400, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain.
Estíbaliz Parras-GarcíaAsociación Medioambiental Sanamares, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Carolina Fernández-MaldonadoSeashore Environment and Fauna, C/Sevilla 4, Tarifa, 11380, Cádiz, Spain.
Antonio FernándezInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain.
María José CaballeroInstitute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the popularity of elasmobranchs in zoos and aquariums, data on hematological values for health monitoring remain limited, particularly for wild populations. In this study, reference intervals for key hematological parameters and blood pH were established from blood samples of 49 adult females of the Critically Endangered Spiny Butterfly Ray (Gymnura altavela) collected across three shallow beaches in the Canary Islands. Additional data were obtained from four adults maintained under human care. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hematological and blood pH reference intervals for free-ranging G. altavela.

resultsLymphocytes (56%) were the dominant leukocyte, followed by heterophils (23.6%), eosinophils (16.7%), monocytes (2%), neutrophils (1.1%), and basophils (0.2%). Median values included 356.6 × 10[Formula: see text] cells/[Formula: see text]L for red blood cell count (RBC), 31.7 × 10[Formula: see text] cells/[Formula: see text]L for white blood cell count (WBC), 28.2% for packed cell volume (PCV), and 8.1 g/dL for total plasma solids (TS). Blood pH averaged 7.25, rising to 7.38 with temperature correction. These values remained consistent across reproductive states and housing conditions, suggesting minimal physiological disruption.

conclusionThis study highlights the effectiveness of rapid, low-stress sampling and provides essential baseline data to support veterinary care and conservation strategies for G. altavela. Expanding future research with a larger sample size will enhance understanding of health variations by age, sex, and reproductive status.

Indexed as

Skates, FishAnimalsBlood Cell CountFemaleHematologic TestsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLeukocyte CountReference ValuesSpainBloodConservationElasmobranchGymnura altavelaHematologypHRayReference intervalsWildlife

Identifiers

PMID41547762
PMCPMC12896065

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.