ArticleBMC ophthalmology2026
The effect of anti-TNF α therapy on refractory non-infectious pediatric uveitis in Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo report the outcomes of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) treatment in children with refractory non-infectious uveitis.
methodsRetrospective chart review for all children aged ≤ 18 years, diagnosed to have non-infectious uveitis, treated with anti-TNF-α medications (Infliximab or Adalimumab) from Jan 2014 to Dec 2021 with at least 1-year follow-up after initiation of treatment at King Khaled Eye Specialists Hospital (KKESH).
resultsA total of 32 patients (61 eyes) were included in the study. Thirteen patients (40.6%) were males, and 19 patients (59.4%) were females. The mean age upon presentation was 9.8 ± 3.9 years. The mean duration of follow-ups was 7.6 ± 2.2 years. Persistent anterior uveitis activity was noted in 58 eyes (95.1%), uveitic macular edema in 5 eyes (8.2%), vitritis in 7 eyes (11.5%), and vasculitis in 4 eyes (6.6%). Thirty patients (93.8%) were prescribed adalimumab, and 2 patients (6.2%) were prescribed infliximab. The addition of anti-TNF-α has significantly improved anterior uveitis activity (P < 0.001), the grade of anterior uveitis (P < 0.001), vitritis (P = 0.007), the grade of vitritis (P = 0.017), and disc edema (P = 0.014). Over 5 years of follow-ups, oral prednisolone doses were significantly reduced from 10.4 ± 4.3 mg in 25 children to full steroids sparing treatments (P < 0.001). There were no cataracts developed after the initiation of anti-TNF-α over 5 years of follow-up, while 2 eyes developed uveitic glaucoma.
conclusionThe addition of anti-TNF-α achieves better uveitis control in pediatric patients who are not well controlled on conventional immunosuppressive treatment. Timely addition of anti-TNF-α leads to a lower incidence of long-term complications.
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