Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41547572›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir, tenofovir and lamivudine during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO): A case report.

Tom C Zwart, Emiel Leegwater, Thomas H Ottens, Emile F Schippers, Erik B Wilms, David M Burger, Cees van Nieuwkoop, Liesbeth B E Bosma

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tom C ZwartDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-0901
Emiel LeegwaterDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
Thomas H OttensDepartment of Intensive Care, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
Emile F SchippersDepartment of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
Erik B WilmsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
David M BurgerDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-2818
Cees van NieuwkoopDepartment of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
Liesbeth B E BosmaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While providing potentially life-saving cardiorespiratory support for critically ill patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may detrimentally affect pharmacokinetic (PK) performance and concurrent drug efficacy and safety. We describe a patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received dolutegravir, tenofovir and lamivudine while undergoing venous-venous (VV-) ECMO. Initial therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during VV-ECMO revealed 9.6-fold lower dolutegravir, 1.5-fold lower tenofovir and 1.7-fold higher lamivudine exposure as compared to reference populations. Our findings support considerations for pre-emptive dose intensification for dolutegravir and tenofovir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS undergoing ECMO to ensure adequate antiretroviral treatment. The case is illustrative for the clinical pharmacological challenges faced in critically ill patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing ECMO and provides guidance for future cases.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsExtracorporeal Membrane OxygenationHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingLamivudinePneumonia, PneumocystisTenofovirAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsDolutegravirDrug MonitoringHumansMaleMiddle AgedOxazinesPiperazinesPyridazinesAnti-HIV AgentsDolutegravirHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingLamivudineOxazinesPiperazinesPyridazinesPyridonesTenofovirdolutegravirextracorporeal membrane oxygenationHIVlamivudinepharmacokineticstenofovir

Identifiers

PMID41547572
PMCPMC13122276

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.