Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41546807›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Reduced Gaze-Stimulus Synchrony to a Rhythmic Children's Song in Young Children With Autism: A Recurrence Quantification Analysis Approach.

Zhong Zhao, Zeqin Zheng, Chengquan Lin, Xiaobin Zhang, Xinyao Hu, Xin Zhang, Qiongling Peng, Xingda Qu

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhong ZhaoInstitute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Zeqin ZhengInstitute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Chengquan LinInstitute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Xiaobin ZhangShenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
Xinyao HuInstitute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
Xin ZhangDevelopmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Qiongling PengDevelopmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Xingda QuInstitute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. quxd@szu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-0357

Funding

Medical and Health Research Project of Bao'an District 2022JD103National Natural Science Foundation of China 82171539Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen JCYJ20230808105213026
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the characteristics of gaze behavior, particularly gaze-stimulus synchrony, and their association with developmental levels in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

methodsEye-tracking data were obtained from 52 children with ASD, 58 with global developmental delay (GDD), and 55 typically developing (TD) children, aged 18 to 48 months, while they viewed a video of a girl rhythmically clapping and moving to a song. Area of interest (AOI) analysis was performed to assess visual fixation patterns throughout the task, and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was used to evaluate gaze-stimulus synchrony. Correlation analyses were further conducted to examine the associations between AOI, RQA measures and developmental levels.

resultsChildren with ASD demonstrated significantly reduced visual fixation on the whole face and mouth-and-nose AOIs compared to TD children. RQA revealed that the ASD group exhibited significantly lower [Formula: see text], indicating less sustained gaze-stimulus synchrony. Both RQA and AOI measures were significantly associated with developmental level in the ASD group.

conclusionThe findings highlight reduced visual engagement and gaze-stimulus synchrony in young children with ASD compared to their TD peers, and indicate that gaze-based metrics may serve as potential objective markers of developmental functioning. The results underscore the utility of diverse analytic approaches, such as RQA, in uncovering temporal characteristics of gaze behavior. Future research should include nonsocial stimuli to determine whether reduced gaze-stimulus synchrony reflects domain-general atypicalities in visual processing.

Indexed as

AutismEye trackingGlobal developmental delayRecurrence quantification analysisSynchrony

Identifiers

PMID41546807

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