SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026
Acetylcysteine combined with budesonide nebulized inhalation for the treatment of pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- miRNAs-neutrophil axis: novel insights into acute lung injury and chronic inflammatory lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of nebulized acetylcysteine combined with budesonide for treating childhood pneumonia, providing a theoretical foundation for its clinical application.
methodsRandomized controlled trials investigating the use of acetylcysteine with budesonide nebulized inhalation for treating pediatric pneumonia were identified through searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network, VIP, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System. The search period extended from the inception to November 2024. The data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata software. For dichotomous outcomes, risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated; for continuous outcomes, standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI were used. Eligible studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Two investigators independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment.
resultsA comprehensive analysis of 30 included studies (enrolling 3,683 pediatric pneumonia patients) demonstrated that nebulized acetylcysteine-budesonide combination therapy significantly improved overall response rate [RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.16; P < 0.00001], time to dyspnea resolution [SMD = -1.75, 95% CI: -2.19 to -1.30; P < 0.00001], time to rales resolution [SMD = -2.23, 95% CI: -2.72 to -1.75; P < 0.00001], time to cough resolution [SMD = -2.52, 95% CI: -3.01 to -2.03; P < 0.00001], time to normalization of body temperature [SMD = -2.31, 95% CI: -2.97 to -1.65; P < 0.00001], while reducing adverse events [RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.85; P = 0.003].
conclusionThe combination of nebulized inhaled acetylcysteine and budesonide significantly enhances clinical outcomes and lowers adverse effect incidence in pediatric pneumonia treatment. However, as this analysis primarily incorporated studies from China, and given the substantial heterogeneity observed for some outcomes alongside potential publication bias, these findings should be interpreted with caution and warrant further robust validation by future high-quality, multi-center RCTs.
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Registered trials
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