SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation during colonoscopy: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Response to "Critical evaluation of 'efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Critical evaluation of "efficacy and safety of esketamine for sedation during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHemodynamic instability during colonoscopy sedation remains a significant clinical concern. Esketamine's sympathomimetic properties may protect against these risks while reducing sedative requirements. Hence, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of esketamine in improving intraprocedural sedation during colonoscopy.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science until June 2025 for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraprocedural hypotension; secondary outcomes included bradycardia, hypoxemia, and recovery parameters. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes using standardized mean differences (SMD), with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics. PROSPERO ID: CRD420251105691.
resultsFive randomized controlled trials comprising 858 patients were included in our analysis. Esketamine significantly reduced the risk of intraprocedural hypotension (RR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.22-0.53; I²=58%) and the incidence of hypoxemia (RR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.73; I²=0%). A reduction in injection pain was also observed (RR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.97; I²=80.5%), though this finding showed sensitivity in leave-one-out analysis. No significant differences were found between groups in bradycardia risk (RR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.23-1.14), total propofol requirement (SMD: -0.23, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.04), induction time, or procedure duration. The reduction in hypotension remained robust in sensitivity analyses.
conclusionEsketamine significantly enhanced hemodynamic stability and reduced sedative demand during colonoscopy without delaying recovery, supporting its use in high-risk patients.
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