Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41546599›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2026

Outcome Assessment in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain: An International Clinical Practice Survey.

Jordi Miró, Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mark P Jensen, Christina Liossi, Susan M Lord, Inese Gobina, Nathan Skidmore, Mary O'Keeffe, Susan M Walker, Rocío de la Vega and 11 more

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of pain (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Jordi MiróPediatric Pain Division, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-6653
Elisabet Sánchez-RodríguezPediatric Pain Division, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Mark P JensenDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Christina LiossiDepartment of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Susan M LordSchool of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Inese GobinaDepartment of Education and Research, Children's Clinical University Hospital Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
Nathan SkidmoreDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Mary O'KeeffeUCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Susan M WalkerDevelopmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Rocío de la VegaDepartment of Psychology, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Pablo IngelmoDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Helen KoechlinDepartment of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Minna StåhlFinnish Centre for Children and Adolescent Pain Management and Research, HUS New Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jennifer StinsonThe Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Rikard K WicksellDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
G Allen FinleyIWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada.
Jesús CebrecosESTEVE Healthcare, Barcelona, Spain.
Liesbet GoubertDepartment of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Francisco Reinoso-BarberoPediatric Pain Unit, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
Daniela C RosenbergerDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Esther M Pogatzki-ZahnDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Funding

Network of European Funding for Neuroscience Research (ERA-NET Neuron Transnational Networking Groups on Chronic Pain 2022) through the BMBF 01EW2311
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEffective treatment of paediatric chronic pain requires a robust and comprehensive set of outcome assessment tools to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Although a core outcome set (COS) exists for clinical trials, its practicability and appropriateness for clinical practice is currently unknown. This cross-sectional study led by the IN-ChildPain group aimed to: (1) identify clinical outcome domains and measures used by clinicians treating children and adolescents with chronic pain, (2) determine which domains are considered mandatory in clinical routine and (3) compare prioritisation across disciplines and countries.

methodsAn online survey, available in eight languages, was conducted eliciting data from clinicians who treat children and adolescents with chronic pain. Percentages of the most commonly used outcomes were calculated, and z-tests were performed to compare study variables based on participants' country income status and professional background.

resultsA total of 193 clinicians from 42 countries participated. The most commonly assessed domains were pain intensity (84%), pain interference (80%) and physical functioning (79%), with higher assessment rates in high-income countries. Pain intensity and interference were deemed mandatory by 93% of participants, followed by physical functioning (92%). However, only 53% reported using patient-reported outcome measures, with the 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale being the most common (94%). Assessment practices varied as a function of country income level and professional background.

conclusionsThe findings highlight the need to develop and implement a COS tailored to the needs and resources of clinicians. Such standardisation would enhance consistency in assessment, enable cross-site benchmarking and promote equitable pain care globally. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides critical insights into how clinicians assess paediatric chronic pain, highlighting significant global disparities and professional differences in outcome domain prioritisation. By identifying commonly assessed domains, these findings emphasise the need for standardised measures and pave the way for developing a core outcome set tailored to clinical activities. Such an advance is essential for improving the consistency and quality of care for children and adolescents with chronic pain worldwide.

Indexed as

Chronic PainOutcome Assessment, Health CareAdolescentChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePain ManagementPain MeasurementPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresSurveys and Questionnaireschronic painoutcome assessment (health care)/standardspaediatricspain measurementpatient reported outcome measuressurveys and questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID41546599
PMCPMC12811898

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.