Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41546598›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2026

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal or Intramuscular Atipamezole in Unsedated Dogs and Efficacy for Reversal of Xylazine Sedation.

Vanessa E Cowan, Vanessa R Mitcham, Deborah L Michel, Chloe Lyons, Juliet Kennedy, Yoana C Reyes Morales, Jennifer M Loewen, Alan L Chicoine

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vanessa E CowanVeterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2991-0662
Vanessa R MitchamVeterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Deborah L MichelCollege of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Chloe LyonsVeterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Juliet KennedyVeterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Yoana C Reyes MoralesAnimal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Jennifer M LoewenSmall Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-7151
Alan L ChicoineVeterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-6318

Funding

Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate ATIP pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy Beagle dogs after IM and IN dosing (Phase I), and to compare the rate of reversal of IM versus IN routes for xylazine (XYL) sedation (Phase II). This study was comprised of two sequential, randomized, crossover experiments. The initial PK study dosed ATIP by IN and IM routes without XYL sedation. In the second phase, dogs were sedated with XYL prior to ATIP reversal. Their sedation scores were monitored during this period, and blood sampling began 20 min post reversal. ATIP was quantified in plasma using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma concentrations of ATIP rapidly increased and declined after both routes, but C

Indexed as

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsHypnotics and SedativesImidazolesXylazineAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsArea Under CurveCross-Over StudiesDogsFemaleInjections, IntramuscularMaleAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsatipamezoleHypnotics and SedativesImidazolesXylazineillicit drugsreversal agentssedation

Identifiers

PMID41546598
PMCPMC13159760

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.