ArticleStress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress2026
Different Types of Traumatic Exposure Link Divergently to PTSD and CPTSD.
Article in Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- War-Related Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms During the First Two Postpartum Years: The Moderating Role of Childhood Adversity.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Different Types of Traumatic Exposure Link Divergently to PTSD and CPTSD.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to profile at-risk individuals in the aftermath of exposure to war-related traumatic events. We examined the contribution of distal and proximal as well as direct and indirect traumatic exposure, including disturbing social media content, to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among Israeli citizens following the October 7 attack. Five hundred eighty-two participants (M age = 44.81 ± 13.63) reported traumatic exposure, PTSD, and CPTSD a year before the attack and again 2 months after the attack and the beginning of the Israel-Hamas War. Logistic and multinomial regressions were conducted to determine which types of traumatic exposure were associated with PTSD and which were linked with CPTSD. Results showed that both distal and proximal, as well as direct and indirect exposure, were related to PTSD. However, when separating PTSD from CPTSD, indirect exposure, both distal (i.e., familial Holocaust background) and proximal (i.e., indirect exposure to the Israel-Hamas War), was related to a higher risk for PTSD only. In contrast, direct exposure, both distal (i.e., lifetime exposure) and proximal (i.e., direct exposure to the Israel-Hamas War), was related to an elevated risk for CPTSD. Moreover, indirect proximal exposure (i.e., media exposure to the Israel-Hamas War) was also related to CPTSD. These results suggest that different types of exposures are associated with diverse posttraumatic outcomes. Notably, exposure to uncensored disturbing media content may be associated with grave posttraumatic reactions, comparable to those linked to direct exposure.
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Registered trials
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