ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
3D-Printed gelatin patches for topical delivery of niacinamide and vitamin A: Bridging microstructure, in vitro release, and in vivo penetration.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The development of advanced topical delivery systems that enhance skin penetration and ensure controlled release of bioactives is a key focus in pharmaceutical research. Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing (SSE-3DP) has emerged as a versatile technology for fabricating topical patches, allowing precise control over internal architecture to tailor release and penetration profiles. This research investigates the integration of niacinamide (Nia) and vitamin A-palmitate (VitA) into printable gelatin-based inks, employing both pre-printing rheological assessments and post-printing structural analyses-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and mechanical properties (tension and compression). Additionally, the study evaluates how variations in patch internal design affect the release kinetics and penetration profiles of Nia and VitA, utilizing both in vitro (Franz cells and Raman Microscopy, RM) and in vivo quantitative (Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, CRS) methodologies. Results indicated a significant correlation between in vitro and in vivo data. Additionally, RM provided valuable molecular-level insights, making it an effective in vitro tool for investigating skin retention. CRS in vivo highlighted different penetration behaviors: while Nia penetration was strongly influenced by the patch design (porous vs. occlusive: 20 min, 0.074 ± 0.027 mg/cm
Indexed as
Identifiers
41545810What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.