Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41545798›Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2026

Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in association with cardiovascular disease among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in the All of Us Research Program.

Jeong Yee, Emily G Oakes, Leah Santacroce, May Y Choi, Elizabeth W Karlson, Karestan Koenen, Laura D Kubzansky, Jing Cui, Candace H Feldman, Karen H Costenbader

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jeong YeeDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. j.yee@skku.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-143X
Emily G OakesDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Leah SantacroceDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
May Y ChoiCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Elizabeth W KarlsonDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Karestan KoenenDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Laura D KubzanskyDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Jing CuiDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Candace H FeldmanDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Karen H CostenbaderDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology in Patients with LupusK24AR066109 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI COSTENBADER, KAREN H · 2014 to 2023
$1.7M
Elucidating Social Determinants and Mental Health Needs to Achieve Equity in Rheumatic Disease CareR03AR083661 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI COSTENBADER, KAREN H, FELDMAN, CANDACE HILLARY · 2023 to 2023
$358k
National Institute of Health NIH K24AR066109NIAMS NIH HHS K24 AR066109NIAMS NIH HHS R03 AR083661NIAMS NIH HHS R03AR083661
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesBoth mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed associations and interactions between mental health conditions, RA and/or SLE (RA/SLE), and CVD risk.

methodPatients with RA/SLE in All of Us Research Program were matched 1:20 to patients without either. We calculated hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence intervals) for associations of baseline depression, anxiety, or PTSD with incident CVD, adjusting for socioeconomic and comorbid factors, repeating for RA and SLE separately. We tested for interactions between RA/ SLE and mental health conditions influencing CVD risk.

resultsAmong 5,543 patients with RA/SLE, matched to 110,860 patients without RA/SLE, 31.7% vs. 15.2% had mental health conditions. Matching factor-adjusted CVD event HR was the highest among those with RA/SLE and mental health conditions vs. those with neither (2.91, 2.52-3.36). After full adjustment, this decreased to 1.59 (1.37-1.85). While similar associations were observed for RA and SLE, higher risks were among patients with mental health conditions and SLE (2.08, 1.60-2.71) vs. RA (1.41, 1.17-1.70). No statistical interactions between mental health conditions and RA/SLE influencing CVD risks were detected.

conclusionsIn this large US cohort, patients with RA/SLE and mental health conditions had the highest CVD risks compared to those with either condition or none. Strategies are needed to address mental health conditions that contribute to excess CVD risk for patients with RA/SLE. Key points • Patients with RA/SLE and mental health conditions had the highest CVD incidence, compared to those with either RA/SLE or any of the mental health conditions alone. • Adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities attenuated this relative CVD risk. • No significant interactions were found between RA/SLE and mental health conditions influencing observed CVD risks.

Indexed as

AnxietyArthritis, RheumatoidCardiovascular DiseasesDepressionLupus Erythematosus, SystemicStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultAgedComorbidityFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCardiovascular diseaseDepressionMental healthRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID41545798
PMCPMC12833825

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.