Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41545626›Full record

ArticleBehavior research methods2026

The Tool for Automatic Analysis of Decoding Ambiguity (TAADA).

Scott Crossley, Joon Suh Choi, Kenny Tang, Laurie Cutting

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Behavior research methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Scott Crossley, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA. scott.crossley@vanderbilt.edu.
Joon Suh Choi, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
Kenny Tang, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
Laurie Cutting, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.

Funding

Overall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lea K Davis · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study documents and assesses the Tool for Automatic Analysis of Decoding Ambiguity (TAADA). TAADA calculates measures related to decoding, including metrics for grapheme and phoneme counts, neighborhood effects, rhymes, and conditional probabilities for sound-spelling relationships. These measures are assessed in two reading studies. The first study examined links between decoding variables and judgments of reading ease in a corpus of ~5000 reading excerpts, finding that variables related to word frequency, phonographic neighbors for words, word syllable length, and the reverse prior probability for consonants explained 34% of the variance in the reading scores. The second examined links between decoding variables and student reading miscues, finding that word frequency, phoneme counts, rhyme counts, and probability counts explained 3% of students' reading miscues.

Indexed as

ReadingHumansLexical processingNatural language processingText decodingText readability

Identifiers

PMID41545626
PMCPMC12811272

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.