ArticleScientific reports2026
Transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology in chronic tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.iScience · 2026Review
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Identify and Predict High-Distress Psychosocial Phenotypes in Tinnitus Patients: A Latent Profile Analysis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic tinnitus is frequently described as occurring with psychiatric comorbidities. However, this diagnosis-based framing may obscure underlying dimensions of psychological vulnerability in individuals both with and without measurable hearing loss (HL). This study thus aimed to identify transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology in patients with chronic tinnitus and examine their relevance for tinnitus-related distress (TRD) in patients with or without HL. In a clinical sample of N = 678 chronic tinnitus patients, pure-tone audiometry determined HL status and self-report screeners assessed psychiatric symptom profiles. Multiple regression models tested diagnostic predictors of TRD and diagnosis × HL interactions. Tetrachoric correlations among binary 'diagnosis pointers' were subjected to principal axis factor analysis to derive latent dimensions, which were then conceptually linked to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Most patients (96%) endorsed at least one diagnosis pointer (median = 5); over half (52.1%) had no identifiable HL. Patients without HL exhibited higher rates of anxiety and substance-related symptoms. TRD was significantly predicted by diagnosis pointers for major depression, agoraphobia, health anxiety, anorexia nervosa, and psychosis. Factor analysis identified three dimensions: Internalizing psychopathology, harmful substance use, and fear-related (social) perceptions. Internalizing psychopathology predicted TRD. HL status was associated with harmful substance use but not with psychological predictors of distress. Findings suggest that chronic tinnitus indexes broad psychological vulnerability rather than discrete psychiatric comorbidities. Whilst inner ear damage may trigger tinnitus onset in patients with HL, persistence across patients-particularly those without HL-suggests a psychological substrate underlying symptom chronicity, distress, and diagnostic covariation. Clinically, the findings support a dimensional, formulation-based approach that situates tinnitus within patients' broader emotional functioning and foregrounds transdiagnostic processes over discrete diagnoses.
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