ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026
Neuroimaging and Transcriptomic Insights Into Iron Accumulation and Glymphatic Dysfunction in Olfactory Dysfunction.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Altered Neurofluid Dynamics Markers in Middle-Aged and Older Women With Insomnia: A Multiparametric MR Neuroimaging Study.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging and Transcriptomic Insights Into Iron Accumulation and Glymphatic Dysfunction in Olfactory Dysfunction.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is clinically linked to inflammation and neurotoxin accumulation, yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain largely unclear. Understanding how glymphatic function, iron dysregulation, and transcriptomic signatures contribute to OD may reveal new biomarkers and mechanisms of recovery.
methodsA multimodal MRI framework integrating BOLD-CSF coupling, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and transcriptomic profiling was applied to post-viral (PVOD), post-traumatic (PTOD), and healthy control (HC) groups. Iron accumulation was quantified with QSM and linked to gene expression using partial least squares regression, followed by GO and protein-protein interaction analyses.
resultsPVOD showed significantly increased iron accumulation in the right inferior frontal and temporal cortices, regions related to olfactory memory and recognition. Transcriptomic associations indicated that iron deposition correlated with genes involved in neuronal organization, axon development, synapse formation, and intracellular signaling. PVOD also demonstrated enhanced glymphatic activity, reflected by stronger BOLD-CSF coupling compared to HC and PTOD. Patients with complete recovery exhibited the strongest coupling, suggesting improved neurotoxin clearance.
conclusionOD is characterized by abnormal iron accumulation and altered glymphatic function, accompanied by transcriptional signatures supporting neuroplasticity. Enhanced glymphatic clearance and neuronal remodeling may facilitate recovery after viral injury, offering potential biomarkers for OD diagnosis and prognosis.
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